With the rise of AI-powered photo editing tools and the sharing of highly edited photos across social media, concerns about the impact of selfie photo editing have grown. Our initial 2023 study addressed outdated measures of photo taking and editing behaviors. Survey responses from 120 female college students using the Self Photo Manipulation Scale (SPMS-r) and the Photo Investment Scale (PIS-r) were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses. Factor analysis of the SPMS-r identified three components—Editing Facial Features, General Editing, and Editing Body Features. However, the PIS-r analysis revealed unclear constructs and low internal consistency. This study aims to validate and refine these findings by readministering the survey to additional participants to re-examine scale reliability and also to examine concurrent validity with measures of related constructs. The goal is to create current, psychometrically sound measures of photo taking and editing in order to advance insights into photo-related behaviors and effects.
